Manipal Manual of Clinical Anatomy: Volume 2

The objectives that are clearly identified in each area after thorough discussion with experts will enable both teachers and students to focus on key issues of every topic. Currently, strong views are emerging that traditional methods of teaching anatomy as practiced by most medical schools have limitations in development of application skills of such knowledge in clinical practice. The teaching methodologies and student evaluations are mainly focused on memorizing and recalling the stringent course and relations of human body parts with no value-addition in development of application skills. Manipal Manual of Clinical Anatomy discusses the clinical relevance immediately after elaboration of the gross anatomy, which greatly aids the students in correlation of anatomy with the clinical application. Clinical case scenarios that are carefully designed to emphasize the importance of anatomy could be further elaborated for problem-based learning. These clinical case scenarios are placed immediately after clinical relevance boxes, so that the students can discuss the cases in groups where the teacher can act as a facilitator. Medical schools that follow the systemic rather than regional anatomy approach for integrated teaching will also be benefited by these case studies. Developmental events (embryology) are briefly summarized with more emphasis on birth defects and their embryological basis. Multiple choice questions are designed on the basis of clinical application of anatomy, which would help them in future competitive postgraduate entrance tests. These clinical case scenarios are placed immediately after clinical